Track Categories
The track category is the heading under which your abstract will be reviewed and later published in the conference printed matters if accepted. During the submission process, you will be asked to select one track category for your abstract.
The structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS) that comprise brain and spinal cord helps to understand the origin of the brain and spinal cord disorders. The brain in the hub of thoughts, memory, sense, emotions vision, hearing, speech, movement and etc. whereas the spinal cord and its nerve in the head i.e. cranial nerves transmit signals between the brain and the body. These signals trigger the muscle to transmit the information gathered through our senses and assist to coordinate the functions of internal organs. Like how the brain is protected by the skull, the spinal cord is also protected by the bone of the vertebral column. A special liquid, called cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), surrounds and cushions the brain and spinal cord. This CSF is produced by choroid plexus which is present in the ventricles of the brain.
Injuries and disorders of brain and spine should be taken seriously to get rid of future problems. Spinal disorders and diseases are one among the most complicated illnesses reported in medical practice. Around the globe a huge number of patients suffer from the wider range of diseases, the progression of such diseases affects the spine and leading to cause degenerative disc diseases, compression syndromes, rheumatoid arthritis, vertebral and spinal cord tumors, spinal deformities, infections, and trauma. These problems may be the consequences of the untreated disease, birth defect (congenital), aging or degeneration, sudden injury and trauma, infection due to a tumor or possibly related to other medical conditions.
Spinal dysraphism is a blanket term of a wide range of conditions that present at the birth characterized by the incomplete or absence of fusion of spinal elements and neural structures. A patient may have more than one type of spinal dysraphism.
SCI is caused when the spine is fractured or dislocated by a trauma. The trauma causes the fragmented bone materials to affect the spinal disc, bruise the ligament of spinal cord tissue or damaging it and in some cases, it may ruin the cord entirely and results in partial or complete paralysis. SCI is a life-threatening and devastating condition that affects life in all the aspects of the person such as physical, psychological and social health. Despite the devastating nature of the condition, there has been a dramatic improvement in the survival rate over the past 40 years, particularly in high - income countries.
The most prevalent region of the spinal pain is lower back (Lumbar) and neck (cervical) and it is the major cause in many people to lose their working days. The most common causes of lower back pain are muscle strain and sprain. The thoracic spine may also be a spinal pain site, but the thoracic spinal area is much less often injured than the lumbar and cervical spine because it is much more rigid.
A broad spectrum of conditions when it puts pressure on the spinal cord leads to compression and injury. It can occur anywhere along the spine from the neck down to the lower spine with the range of clinical manifestations such as numbness, weakness, and pain. The standardized classification of such neurological impairment was stated by the American Spinal Injury Association which facilitate the research for spinal cord injury medicines and its clinical patient care.
As the age progresses the gelatin-like disc dries out and no longer the cushion of the bone causes the nerve roots to get pressurized or pinched. These conditions are referred to as spinal degeneration or disc degeneration. Nowadays the younger adults around 30-60-year-old are more prone to experience the back pain the region of disc space whereas the older adults above 60-year-olds majorly suffer from the joint degeneration or vertebral fractures.
During the gestation period, women generally gain weight between 25-30 pounds. During the course of time, the spine has to support this weight which makes it put pressure on the nerves and blood vessels along the spinal cord predominantly in the pelvic region.
Spinal conditions, for example, scoliosis (bending of the spine), kyphosis (expanding round the back of the spine), spondylolysis (stretch break of the spine), and spondylolisthesis (development of one a player in the spine on another part) may influence kids amid their initial or late youth years. The dominant part of the spinal issue doesn't require propping or medical procedure albeit standard check-ups are expected to guarantee that the condition does not intensify.
Intervertebral Disc Degeneration (IDD) is a common orthopedic condition associated with a change in the mechanical condition of the spine results in the pain. The disc degeneration is an age-related disease but in some cases, it may due to a sudden injury, obesity and other environmental factors.
Simply to put the age numbers are frightening in the incidence of spine fracture due to osteoporosis. The recent researches statistically report that 50 years old women are at 16% of lifetime risk whereas the same aged man has 5% of lifetime risk of the osteoporotic spine. Moreover, a 65 years aged woman with spine fracture has the probability of one in fourth for successive fractures over 5 years. All such statistical data clearly demonstrate that age plays a predominant role in the spine fractures.
Osteoarthritis is the degeneration of the cartilages around the bone joints and discs in the neck and lower back regions. In very rare cases it produces spurs and this applies pressure on the surrounding nerves that leave the spinal column. Similar to osteoporosis, aged people are more prone to the risk of developing osteoarthritis. But in the younger adults, it is developed due to a genetic defect or a sudden trauma or injury. several forms of arthritis that affect the spine is collectively called as spondyloarthropathies.
Spine degeneration is a progressive disease, the decrease in the cushioning of a disc in the vertebra gradually affect its functional ability.
Cerebrum and spinal string tumors are masses of unusual cells in the mind or spinal rope that have become crazy. In most different parts of the body, it is imperative to recognize favorable (non-destructive) tumors and dangerous tumors (diseases). Benevolent tumors don't develop into adjacent tissues or spread to removed zones, so in different parts of the body, they are never dangerous. One of the fundamental reasons harmful tumors are so unsafe is on the grounds that they can spread all through the body. Spinal contaminations can be caused by either a bacterial or parasitic disease in another piece of the body that has been helped into the spine through the circulation system. The most widely recognized wellspring of spinal diseases is a bacterium called Staphylococcus aureus, trailed by Escherichia coli.
Almost any of the spinal disorders and spinal diseases are diagnosed using various non-invasive techniques including the patient history, physical examinations, and neurological examination. Imaging techniques such as x-rays, CT scans, or magnetic resonance imaging are used to visualize the disease that occurred in along the spinal cord and vertebral column. In complex conditions, advanced diagnostics tools are used.
The treatment of the spinal diseases depends on the location of the disease and the severity of signs and symptoms. Unfortunately, the damage to the spinal cord is irreversible but the researchers are continuously working on the new medications and treatment that regenerate and improve the nerve functions.
Traditionally spine surgery is done as open surgery thereby a wide incision is made and able to visualize the anatomical part of the spine. The main goal of spinal surgery is to relieve back pain, correction of spinal deformity, spinal cord compression, intervertebral disc diseases, and spine degeneration.
SCS is a technique to relieve the spinal pain by delivering a continuous low voltage electrical current to the spinal cord in order to block the paining sensation. SCS is commonly used in the form of implantable neurostimulation technology especially for the management of pain syndromes. SCS could be a solution for paralyzed patients.
The objective of spinal cord tissue engineering is the restoration of the functional loss of neurons after the spinal cord injury. At present, with the promising utilization of stem cells, biomaterials, genetic engineering, and nanotechnology our researcher is working for the spinal cord regeneration.
Neuropharmaceutics are predominantly utilized for the therapeutic approach in the spinal cord injuries via blood-brain barriers and neurophysiology. The Pharmacologic therapies are followed in the SCI to manage the underlying conditions like Neurogenic Shock, Autonomic Dysreflexia, Thromboembolism, pain and spasticity. Definitive recommendations of neuroprotective agents are missing in the management of the spinal disorders and further research is required.
Once the patient is medically stable the treatment care and support are shifted to rehabilitation and supportive care. Rehabilitation helps patients by working physically and psychologically to improve neurological recovery and general health. Nursing care prevents further injury and promotes the best possible patient outcome.
Clinical preliminaries are driven with a particular ultimate objective to take a gander at relevant examinations. Finishing clinical preliminaries for Neuro pharma thinks about has transformed into a vital test at different levels. Different clinical joint efforts assist us with outlining inquiries for all the altogether arranged clinical examinations.